What is the diet for iron deficiency anemia. Nutrition for anemia: diet, foods, diet

Feb-20-2017

What is anemia

Anemia, also called anemia, is a condition in which there is a low content of functionally complete red cells (erythrocytes) in the blood. It is expressed by the degree of decrease in the concentration of hemoglobin - the iron-containing pigment of erythrocytes, which gives the blood a red color. Most often, anemia is a symptom of another disease.

Symptoms: apathy, fatigue, weakness, nausea, headache, constipation, shortness of breath, drowsiness, dizziness, tinnitus, pale skin, dry mouth, brittle hair and nails, caries, gastritis, subfebrile temperature (prolonged temperature 37.5–38 ° C), change in taste preferences, smell.

There are many causes of anemia, but there are also the main ones:

• violation of the production of red blood cells by the bone marrow. This fact, as a rule, underlies anemia, which is accompanied by kidney disease, endocrine insufficiency, protein depletion, cancer, chronic infections. The cause of anemia can be an insufficient amount of iron, vitamin B12 and folic acid in the body, and in rare cases, mainly in children, vitamin C and pyridoxine deficiency. These substances are necessary for the formation of red blood cells in the body;
• hemolysis (destruction) or shortening of the life span of red blood cells, normally 4 months. The main cause of this disease can be considered the malfunction of red blood cells, or simply their defect. With anemia, red blood cells begin to break down in the blood, this may occur due to a violation of hemoglobin or a change in internal hormones. It happens that the cause of hemolysis is a disease of the spleen;
• acute or chronic bleeding. This fact causes anemia only if the bleeding was prolonged. All the main parts of erythrocytes are restored, except for iron. Thus, chronic blood loss due to the depletion of iron stores in the body causes anemia, which can develop even with a sufficient amount of iron in the food consumed. As a rule, bleeding occurs in the uterus and gastrointestinal tract.

Types of anemia

• Iron-deficiency anemia. Occurs when there is a deficiency in the body of iron. More often this type of anemia occurs in women of childbearing age due to blood loss during menstruation, and even during pregnancy, when there is not enough iron in the body.
• pernicious anemia. If you get sick with it, it means that you do not have enough vitamin B12 class. This vitamin is especially needed by our brain and nervous system, its absence can lead to the development of anemia and nerve degeneration. Scientists conducted several experiments, and they identified the cause of the lack of such a vitamin in humans. The fact is that only those people whose body is not able to reproduce special enzymes in the stomach that could absorb this vitamin get sick.
• Aplastic anemia. This means that in the brain there is a lack or complete absence of tissue that reproduces blood cells. Only those people who have been exposed to certain effects get sick: radiation or some other.

• Sickle cell anemia. This is a fairly serious disease that is inherited. Red blood cells in this disease have an abnormal crescent shape. This causes anemia and, as a result, the occurrence of jaundice and slowing of blood flow.
• Congenital spherocytic anemia. Another type of hereditary anemia. Instead of normal biconcave disc-shaped erythrocytes, rounded cells are formed, which are quickly destroyed by the spleen. As a result, jaundice develops, the spleen enlarges, and gallstones can form.
• drug anemia. In some sensitive people, an antimalarial drug, some sulfonamides, and even aspirin can cause such a reaction.

Therapeutic nutrition for anemia should provide the body with the substances necessary for hematopoiesis.

diet for anemia

Nutrition for anemia is aimed at two goals at once - on the one hand, a person needs to saturate the suffering body with oxygen, on the other hand, to eliminate the associated iron deficiency. It is necessary to observe a five-time meal regimen. With anemia, except medicines, it is important to follow a balanced diet rich in iron (at least 20 mg per day), vitamins, proteins, amino acids. Such a diet stimulates the process of hematopoiesis.

The total value and volume of substances that must be ingested must be at least 110 g - proteins, 110 g - fats, 450 g - carbohydrates. Total energy value diet for anemia should be about 3000 kcal. It should be sufficient, not exceed or reduce the norm.

If there is a lack of iron in the body, then nutrition for anemia in adults should be enriched with this trace element and ascorbic acid. The best sources of iron are meat, poultry, kidneys and liver.

It is necessary to include as many proteins as possible in the therapeutic diet, about 135 g. The third part of them should be with a full protein content. Protein is an indispensable component for the formation of red blood cells in the blood, as well as the synthesis of hemoglobin. In addition, it helps the formation of easily digestible iron compounds. Your daily diet should include foods such as egg white, meat, fish, cottage cheese, offal. Meat, cream, butter - contain amino acids, proteins.

The therapeutic diet should not contain a large amount of fat. They inhibit hematopoiesis, which leads to a deterioration in the patient's condition. The amount of fat consumed should be no more than 80 g. But this applies only to fatty varieties of poultry, meat, fish and lard, beef and mutton fat. It is better to include butter and vegetable oils (olive, corn, sunflower) in the diet.

Carbohydrates in the diet for anemia in adults must comply with the norms. It is necessary to use various cereals, sugar, jam, honey and flour products, legumes, fruits and vegetables.

For treatment, you need to eat foods with a high content of vitamins. They are an indispensable component for hematopoiesis. Vitamins B1, B2, B6, B12, PP and C should be consumed in double quantities. Yeast, liver, kidneys, legumes, meat, fish, cottage cheese, egg yolk, milk, rice and wheat bran have a high content of B vitamins. Folacin is found in lettuce, cabbage, and green onions. Berries, fruits and vegetables are very rich in ascorbic acid. It is worth increasing the consumption of black currants and rose hips, citrus fruits and bell peppers.

Nutrition for anemia in adults should also include the use of vegetable, mushroom, meat, fish broths and sauces. This is especially important for those who, due to the presence of the disease, suffer from reduced gastric secretion. To stimulate the production of gastric juice, cocoa, pepper and spices should be included in the diet (in the absence of contraindications).

The following trace elements are actively involved in hemoglobin synthesis: copper, iron, cobalt, zinc and manganese. The high content of these components in legumes, liver, kidneys, lungs, beef. And also in cereals, eggs, vegetables, fruits, cocoa and porcini mushrooms.

Foods containing vitamin C and iron that promotes absorption by the body include: potatoes with meat, spaghetti in tomato sauce with meat, white chicken meat with tomatoes, broccoli, sweet peppers, cereals with food additives iron and fresh fruit and raisins. It is recommended to drink food containing iron with sour juice of orange, grapefruit, lemon, pomegranate, apple, cranberry juice, as iron is well absorbed in an acidic environment.

Can:

• Meat must be lean. Let it be rabbit meat, veal, beef or chicken.
• By-products: liver, kidneys, heart, lung.
• Fish - any.
• Vegetables: beets, carrots, beans, peas, lentils, corn, tomatoes, zucchini, squash, cabbage. Juice from vegetables combined with juice of carrots, potatoes.
• Green vegetables, lettuce, onion, green onion, garlic, birch leaves.
• Cereal breakfasts, dishes from various cereals, rice and wheat bran.
• Mushrooms in any quantity in the form of soups, casseroles and stews.
• Berries and fruits: strawberries, raspberries, grapes, bananas, pineapple, quince, apricots, watermelons, cherries, viburnum. Birch sap, apple juice, plum juice contains up to 3 mg of iron in one glass. It is worth increasing the consumption of black currants and rose hips, citrus fruits and bell peppers.
• Water from mineral springs with weakly mineralized iron-sulfate-hydrocarbonate-magnesium composition of waters, which contributes to the absorption of iron in ionized form by the body.
• Honey - promotes the absorption of iron.
• Dairy products - you can eat almost everything, but you should pay special attention to Dutch cheese and kefir.
• Egg dishes - in any quantity.
• Porridge - preferably dairy.
• Nuts, sugar, jam, yeast.
• Vegetable, mushroom, meat, fish broths and sauces.
• Cocoa.

Carefully:

The following foods should be treated with caution because they interfere with iron absorption. The list includes: tangerines; nuts, bran, spinach, chocolate, berries, tea, boiled beans.

It is forbidden:

You should limit your use of:

• fats, full-fat milk, pastry products, tea, coffee, coca-cola - they contain caffeine, which interferes with the absorption of iron by the body,
• products containing calcium - combined use with products containing iron interferes with its absorption.

It is necessary to exclude from the diet dishes that contain brine and vinegar - they have a devastating effect on the blood.

Do not eat fatty poultry, meat, fish and lard, beef and mutton fats.

Dangerous for health and life is the use of alcohol in anemia, especially strong drinks and surrogate substitutes. Alcoholic beverages contribute to pathological processes in the course of anemia, the occurrence of complications in the form of a syndrome of impaired blood clotting.

Menu for anemia patients:

Breakfast: fried liver, mashed potatoes, rice milk porridge, herbal tea.

Second breakfast: apples, cheese.

Lunch: borscht, boiled chicken, vegetables, compote.

Snack: rosehip broth or compote and flour product.

Dinner: dairy oatmeal, cottage cheese.

Before going to bed: curdled milk.

Breakfast: vegetable salad made from any greens. Cereal porridge, for example, oatmeal, drink kefir or milk.

Second breakfast: fruits and vegetables. The main thing is that the food is exceptionally fresh.

Lunch: borsch or cabbage soup, be sure to add meat. Rice with chicken, fruit compote.

Afternoon snack: decoction of wild rose.

Dinner: some meat, stew vegetables and drink fresh kefir.

The daily diet should also include sugar 50 g, rye and wheat bread 200 g each.

Recipes for anemia:

Chopped liver

Ingredients: liver - 400 g, olive oil - 50 g, onion - 40 g, carrot - 40 g, egg - 2 pcs., cream - 20 g or butter - 60 g, herbs, salt, pepper.

Peeled and washed carrots and onions cut into cubes and lightly fry with olive oil, also cut into cubes. In this pan, place the liver, cut into pieces, salt, pepper and fry. Then add a little water, close the lid and simmer until tender.

Cool the finished liver with vegetables and pass through a meat grinder with a fine grate 2-3 times. Next, add softened butter or cream to the missed mass. Mix the finished mass thoroughly so that it turns out to be lush and airy. Put a slide on a plate, apply relief with a tablespoon dipped in water, sprinkle with chopped egg and garnish with herbs.

Tripe in mustard dressing

Ingredients: boiled tripe - 600 g, onion - 100 g, mustard dressing - 150 g, greens.

Cut the boiled scar into thin strips. Add onion cut into half rings. Put a slide in a salad bowl and pour mustard dressing, garnish with herbs.

chopped herring

Ingredients: herring - 1 pc., apple - 1 pc., onion - 1 pc., eggs - 3 pcs., sour cream - 1 cup, green onions.

Cut herring fillet, peeled apple and onion into cubes. Chop the protein, mash the yolk with a fork. Protein and yolk combine and season with sour cream. Sprinkle with yolk and chopped onion for decoration.

Vegetable caviar

Ingredients: carrots - 1 pc., beets - 1 pc., apple - 1 pc., chopped white cabbage - 0.5 cups, onion - 1 pc., vegetable oil - 4 tbsp. spoons, water - 0.5 cups, salt, chopped green onions - 2 tbsp. spoons.

Peeled carrots, beets, apples without a seed chamber, peeled and washed white cabbage cut into strips. Mix the prepared products, add water, salt, chopped onion, vegetable oil and mix everything, and then bring to a boil. Cool the finished caviar to room temperature, put in a salad bowl and sprinkle with chopped green onions.

Irina Vecherskaya, “100 recipes for anemia. Delicious, healthy, sincere, healing.

Iron deficiency occurs when there is a lack of iron intake with food and/or increased loss during bleeding. The high-risk group includes children and adolescents due to accelerated growth and high energy requirements, pregnant and lactating mothers. Dietary causes of anemia include:

• unbalanced diet - the exclusion of meat and the absence of plant sources of iron, excess coffee, tea, cocoa, milk and flour products, animal fat, which inhibit the absorption of iron;
• monotonous diets with a lack of protein;
• starvation;
• replacement breastfeeding on the mixture, especially in premature babies, untimely complementary foods;
• lack of vitamins, especially ascorbic acid from citrus fruits, fruits, berries and vegetables, folic acid, B12.

Therefore, when building a diet, not only the amount of iron in foods is taken into account, but also their compatibility, the intake of protein, trace elements, and nutritional value.

What to include in your diet

Meat with anemia is a source of heme iron, it is usually absorbed faster. With its excess in the diet, especially when eating fatty varieties (lamb, duck, pork), patients are not immune from insufficient amounts of hemoglobin and red blood cells. It has also been proven that by-products, including the liver, do not have such a high value, since they contain iron in the form of ferritin, which makes it difficult to process.

Foods needed for patients with anemia include:

• protein of eggs, fish, cottage cheese is not higher than 5% fat content and fermented milk drinks (up to 3%);
• fresh fruits and berries, juices with the addition of carrot, beetroot;
• leafy greens;
• nuts;
• rosehip decoction;
• cereals, especially buckwheat and oatmeal;
• legumes;
• dried fruits;
• bee products.

What products are prohibited

Undesirable food components, in addition to fatty meat, are:

• all spicy and fatty dishes, ready-made sauces;
• sausage, smoked;
• confectionery, especially with buttercream;
• margarine, lard, lard;
• bran, sorrel, rhubarb, spinach, asparagus.

It is important to distinguish between the use of foods containing iron and milk, egg yolk, tea and coffee.

Table of foods rich in iron

When determining the dietary value of individual foods, it is important to know which vegetables and fruits increase hemoglobin in the blood.

Even with a relatively low level of iron, it is optimally combined with vitamins, which facilitates its absorption. A good source can also be cereals, legumes, nuts

Beef meat contains 2.7 mg, and chicken 1.6 mg of this mineral. In fish, iron is about 1 mg, in seafood - up to 5 mg.

Medicinal properties of products and recipes

When compiling the menu, you can use the recipes below.

Chocolate for anemia

It contains a large amount of iron, bitter varieties normalize blood pressure, are rich in B vitamins, potassium and calcium, and antioxidants. Chocolate increases the tone of the body, memory, cerebral blood flow, protects against stress, improves the emotional background. Dairy and artificial flavors are not recommended. If you are overweight, you need to take into account the high calorie content. A safe daily dose is up to 30 g.

chocolate oatmeal

For this dish you need the following ingredients:

• oat flakes - 4 tablespoons,
• water - 200 ml,
• banana - 1 piece,
• chocolate - 10 g.

Pour flakes into boiling water and after 5 minutes turn off the fire, leave under the lid for 15 minutes. Mash half a banana to a puree state and mix with hot porridge, and cut the rest into circles for decoration. Grate the chocolate and add to the porridge. Instead, you can use a teaspoon of cocoa without a top. It is useful to put nuts in such porridge or sprinkle with sesame seeds

Perga for anemia

It is a natural source of B and C vitamins, quickly improves blood composition, and is especially useful for children. It is important to make sure that there are no allergies to bee products. For treatment, 20 g of bee bread is mixed with a tablespoon of honey and absorbed on an empty stomach once a day. The course lasts at least 20 days.

walnuts for anemia

They contain omega 3-6-9 unsaturated acids, vitamins, trace elements. To increase the hemoglobin content in the blood, it is not recommended to expose them to heat treatment. About 20-40 g of nucleoli should be eaten per day.

For a healthy side dish you will need products:

• young green beans- 500 g,
• onion - 1 head,
• garlic - 1 clove,
• cilantro - a bunch,
• sunflower seeds - 20 g,
• nuts - 50 g,
• salt to taste
• lemon juice - a tablespoon,
• olive oil - a tablespoon.

Finely chop the onion and put it in the pan. Throw the beans into boiling water, cook for 7 minutes and pour over with cold (preferably ice water). Place in skillet over low heat, cook for 5 minutes. Finely chop the cilantro and mix in a blender with seeds, walnut, garlic. Add to the beans and let it brew under the lid for 20 minutes, pour over the lemon juice.

Beets for anemia recipe

For a delicious dessert medicinal properties with low hemoglobin, you will need half a glass of beetroot and blackcurrant juice, a teaspoon of agar-agar. Add seaweed powder to the juice mixture and let stand for at least 25 minutes. Bring to a boil over low heat, pour into molds. Place in refrigerator to chill.

How to treat anemia folk remedies find out from the video:

Hematologist

Higher education:

Hematologist

Samara State Medical University (SamSMU, KMI)

Level of education - Specialist
1993-1999

Additional education:

"Hematology"

Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education

Malaise, "flies" before the eyes and constant tingling in the hands - the sensations are not pleasant. And if they arise against the background of some oddities like an irresistible desire to eat plenty of chalk, there is practically no doubt - this is anemia. Pathology is not fatal, but undesirable. Useful products for anemia will become allies and faithful helpers for the patient.

What is anemia

Anemia (anemia) is a painful condition with an inherent decrease in the level of hemoglobin and red blood cells in the blood. The "respiratory" ability of the blood suffers, the tissues receive less oxygen. Anemia accompanies many diseases, and sometimes serves as a sign of a serious pathology.

There are several types of anemia caused by genetic disorders, severe blood loss, bone marrow pathologies, microelement and vitamin deficiencies. Iron deficiency anemia is diagnosed in 99% of cases. Vitamin B12 deficiency is more common in anemia in the elderly.

Anemia is more common in women. This is explained by the loss of blood during menstruation and changes in the body due to pregnancy and childbirth. An additional reason is the use of all kinds of fat-burning diets, leading to the loss of nutrients. In the treatment of anemia, nutrition is not the last place. It should "deliver" to the destination iron and other elements that affect the quality of the blood.

Important! The iron that enters the human body can be heme ( component hemoglobin) and non-heme. The first is found in meat and its derivatives, the second - in cereals, nuts, vegetables and fruits.

Nutrition for anemia: basic principles

The only principle of building a menu when iron deficiency anemia– selection of the “right” substances. The main thing that needs to be taken into account is the diseases that led to the pathology. In this case, the calorie content of food should not exceed the norm. But it should not fall below the permissible values ​​either.

It is necessary to increase the level of proteins coming from food - the "bricks" that form red blood cells and hemoglobin compounds. In addition, proteins contribute to better absorption of iron. Fat intake should be reduced - they negatively affect the course of the blood formation process. Carbohydrates are "useless" for anemia. There are no restrictions on consumption. The only caveat: easily digestible carbohydrates can upset the balance of nutrition. It is better to replace sugar with honey.

With anemia, the body is sorely lacking in vitamins that are indispensable for blood synthesis, like iron, cobalt, copper, manganese, zinc. Their deficiency impoverishes the composition of the blood, which provokes anemia. These trace elements also need to be replenished. It is important to learn what to eat with anemia is necessary and what is undesirable. Nutrition for anemia in adults must necessarily include a variety of liquid dishes - broths and sauces. Actual similar nutrition for those who have found low secretion of the stomach. Some drinks (coffee, cocoa) and spices (if there are no contraindications) stimulate the production of gastric juice.

Important! Concentrationtrace elementVeach departmentproduct does not play a special role, the main thing– the body's ability to absorb iron.

Products containing iron

Nutrition for anemia should be built in such a way that foods rich in iron are consumed. A useful trace element contains:

• meat and offal, mainly liver (meat - red, chicken - white, kidneys, brains);
• fish and seafood (tuna, salmon, mussels, oysters);
• mushrooms;
• chicken eggs;
• cereal products (buckwheat, oatmeal, rice, millet, barley);
• vegetables (tomatoes, zucchini, beets, cauliflower, carrot, pumpkin);
• fruits (oranges, apples, bananas, peaches, cherry plums, pineapples);
• nuts (almonds, peanuts, hazelnuts);
• berries (cranberries, cherries, strawberries, blueberries, gooseberries);
• greenery;
• pasta.

Important! Doctors advise including dark honey in the diet, the amount of useful trace elements and vitamins in it is higher.

The composition of food in no way affects the absorption of heme iron, however, it is well known that the absorption of this trace element is facilitated by:

• vitamin C (raw vegetables and fruits);
• weak alcohol (white wine in small quantities);
• hydrochloric acid (juice produced by the stomach);
• meat (when added to a side dish, improves the absorption of non-heme iron);
• fructose (fruit, honey);

reduce the absorption of iron:

• calcium (milk and dairy products);
• eggs;
• oxalic acids (some fruits and herbs);
• polyphenols (certain drinks like coffee, black and certain types herbal tea)
• phytic acid (nuts, bran, legumes).

When compiling a menu, the main thing is to choose the right set of products: you need to consider which products can be combined.

Important! It is useful to drink ferruginous mineral waters. It is not worth degassing them, so as not to lose the dissolved iron salts.

"Vitamin" products

Most vitamins help absorb iron and take an active part in blood formation:

• vitamin C (sea buckthorn, black currant, strawberry, citrus, kiwi, cabbage, bell pepper, baked potato);
• B vitamins (pistachios, legumes, sesame seeds, garlic, dates, onions, dried apricots, rutabaga, grapes).

In order for iron to be better absorbed, you need to combine "ferrous" foods and foods containing vitamins. Food prepared from iron-rich foods should be washed down with sour juices from pomegranate, apple, citrus and cranberry juice.

Important! B vitamins and microelements of beets with anemia improve the process of blood formation and its composition.

Ration is not needed

Part of the food for anemia from the diet is better to temporarily exclude, as they prevent the absorption of iron. Until anemia is cured, you should not consume:

• lard, fats, margarine;
• meat, fish, sausages with a high fat content;
• food containing brine and vinegar;
• strong alcohol;
• milk drinks, teas, coffee;
• muffin;
• foods rich in oxalic acid and tannins.

Important! Nutritionists usually prescribe table number 11 for anemia. With the restriction of salt and "light" carbohydrates, table number 11 is able to satisfy the body's needs for energy and nutrients.

Approximate daily diet for anemia

The laws of nutrition for anemia are not strict. Products are allowed to cook in a water bath, just boil, fry, stew, bake. Eating with anemia should be fractional: eat in small doses at least five times a day:

1. breakfast - food with the highest iron content should be included: boiled red meat with cabbage, dill and parsley, cranberry juice;
2. lunch - vegetable soup or broth with mushrooms, fresh tomatoes, buckwheat, dried fruit compote;
3. dinner - milk oatmeal with honey, low-fat curd cheese;
4. snacks - fresh fruit, buns, green tea, cheese.

Important! To prevent a painful condition, you need to eat raisins and prunes. The highest content of iron in dried berries.

If anemia is accompanied by more serious illness diet should be adjusted by a dietitian. And only a specialist can optimally choose foods for nutrition with anemia. Take, for example, the same beets. It contains B-vitamins and trace elements that have a beneficial effect on blood synthesis. At the same time, beets contain oxalates (salts of oxalic acid), which impair the absorption of iron. What to give preference to, the doctor and the characteristics of the patient's body will decide.

At the same time, it is worth knowing that a properly selected diet can only cope with latent anemia. With iron deficiency anemia, diet alone is not enough. Therapy includes iron supplements. And for the treatment of anemia and its prevention, it is good to take a walk in the park or coniferous forest, go to the lake or the sea, do physical education.

Anemia is a pathology that is characterized by a decrease in hemoglobin and the number of red blood cells in the blood. Many patients are not even aware that they have this disease, and its symptoms are attributed to banal fatigue.

The main signs of anemia: weakness, fatigue, dizziness, increased heart rate, shortness of breath. To find out if you have this disease, it is enough to do a routine blood test.

There are many different types of anemia: iron deficiency, folate deficiency, B 12 deficiency, etc. Anemia is more common in women than in men. This is due to monthly blood loss during menstruation (especially if bleeding is heavy and prolonged), with pregnancy and childbirth, with an unbalanced diet due to the use of various diets for weight loss. The most common is iron deficiency anemia.

The cause of anemia can be iron in the body, bleeding, lack of vitamins, taking certain types of antibiotics. Gastritis, helminthic invasions also add to the chances of earning anemia.

In the treatment of anemia, nutrition plays an important role, which is aimed at restoring and replenishing iron and substances in the body that are involved in hematopoiesis.

Nutrition for anemia in women during bleeding, pregnancy and childbirth should be carefully thought out, balanced and saturated with all essential vitamins and micronutrients.

Nutrition for anemia: basic principles

As for the balance of proteins, fats and carbohydrates in the body, with anemia, the amount of protein food in the diet should be increased. Protein is needed for better absorption of iron, for the formation of red blood cells and hemoglobin compounds.

Fats adversely affect the process of hematopoiesis, so their use in anemia should be reduced. Carbohydrates do not have any effect on the formation of hemoglobin, so it is better to use them according to the norm.

Do not forget about foods that contain iron and vitamins that promote the absorption of iron from the intestines.

Nutrition for iron deficiency anemia: what to eat?

Iron deficiency anemia speaks for itself: there is not enough iron in the body. Therefore, you need to eat foods with a high content of this trace element.

A large amount of iron is found in the liver (pork, beef, chicken), rabbit meat, turkey, lamb, beef tongue. As for cereals, the largest amount of iron is found in buckwheat, oatmeal, millet and barley. Blueberries are rich in iron, a lot of this trace element in peaches.

There is enough iron in chicken and beef meat, fish (mackerel, sturgeon caviar, pink salmon), eggs, spinach, sorrel, lettuce. Fruits such as apples, quince, apricots, persimmons, plums will saturate the body with iron. Useful for anemia bread from flour of the second grade.

A small amount of iron is found in rice, pasta, parsley, dill, tomatoes, beets, carrots, cabbage, fruits and berries such as watermelon, gooseberries, cherries, strawberries.

B vitamins, which are found in baker's and brewer's yeast, offal, legumes, meat, fish, egg yolks, cottage cheese, are involved in hematopoiesis.

Very useful for iron deficiency anemia honey. It consists of 40-60% fructose, which contributes to better absorption of iron in the intestines. Doctors recommend using dark honey, it contains more essential trace elements and vitamins.

Nutrition for anemia: essential vitamins

Many vitamins promote the absorption of iron in the body and are involved in the process of hematopoiesis, so it is important to saturate your diet with foods that are rich in these substances.

1. Vitamin C- a natural antioxidant, promotes the absorption of iron, improves the quality of this trace element. Contained in herbal products, which should be consumed raw (blackcurrant, citrus fruits, cabbage, bell peppers, baked potatoes).
2. Vitamin B 12 A lack of this vitamin can lead to anemia. You can make up for the deficiency with the help of such a “healing cocktail”: a glass of milk, a teaspoon of brewer's yeast, a teaspoon of honey.
3. Vitamin B 6- stimulates metabolism, participates in the assimilation of protein, the production of red blood cells and hemoglobin. Contained in such products: nuts, legumes, meat, fish.
4. Vitamin B 9 (folic acid) - prevents the development of anemia. Folic acid is found in citrus fruits, green leaves of vegetables, liver, honey, nuts, yeast.

Nutrition for anemia: traditional medicine

• A decoction or infusion of dried elderberries, rose hips, black currants is rich in ascorbic acid, which improves iron absorption. Take a decoction can be 1 cup three times a day.
• Dried leaves of wild strawberries, black currants, nettles and strings are mixed in equal proportions. Pour a tablespoon of the resulting collection with a glass of boiling water, insist in the oven (in a heat-resistant dish) for two hours, strain. Take one third of a glass three times a day before meals.

Iron deficiency anemia: what to exclude from the diet?

• Salo;
• Fatty varieties of meat, poultry and fish;
• Margarine;
• High-fat sausages;
• Lamb and beef fat.

These products are not useful due to the high fat content, in connection with this, the absorption of iron from the intestines into the blood is disrupted.

Sample menu for one day with anemia

Breakfast: buckwheat, chicken liver stewed, vegetable salad, herbal decoction.

First snack: 2 apples, boiled egg.

Dinner: vegetable soup, baked chicken breast, tomato and green salad, rye bread, fruit.

Second snack: elderberry decoction, low-fat cottage cheese with honey.

Dinner: baked fish, spinach tomato salad, second grade wheat bread, fruit salad.

For the night: kefir or ryazhenka.

Nutrition for anemia should be healthy and balanced, contain the required amount of protein, iron and other important vitamins. If you are unable to create a menu for each day on your own, consult a nutritionist or your doctor.

Many people who want to lose excess weight try to do it in the shortest possible time. Of course, you want to put your body in order in a few days, but this approach to solving the problem often leads to the opposite results - the lost kilograms come back with a margin.

(110 and less g/l).

Iron is involved in hematopoiesis, it is necessary for the formation of hemoglobin, the function of which is to carry oxygen. Therefore, with iron deficiency in the body, anemia or iron deficiency anemia occurs.

Basic rules of therapeutic nutrition for low hemoglobin

The goal pursued by therapeutic nutrition for anemia is to provide the body with all the nutrients, vitamins and trace elements, in particular iron, which is necessary to increase the level of hemoglobin. This diet increases the body's defenses, restores its functions and improves the patient's quality of life.

The diet for iron deficiency anemia is physiologically complete, its calorie content is high, and the content of proteins, trace elements and vitamins is increased. Carbohydrates remain at the standard level, and the fat content is slightly reduced.

According to Pevsner's classification, the diet for iron deficiency anemia is treatment table No. 11. According to order No. 330 of the Ministry of Health Russian Federation in health care settings, nutrition for this disease is consistent with a high protein diet (HPA).

• proteins - 120g, of which at least 60% are proteins of animal origin;
• fats - 80-90g, of which 30% are vegetable fats;
• carbohydrates - 300-350g;
• vitamin A - 1 mg;
• carotene - 8.5 mg;
• vitamin B1 - 2 mg;
• vitamin B6 - 4 mg;
• nicotinic acid - 30 mg;
• vitamin C - 200 mg;
• sodium - 4g;
• calcium - 1.4 g;
• magnesium - 0.6 g;
• phosphorus - 2.2 g;
• iron - 0.055 g.

The energy value of the diet is 3000-3500 kilocalories per day.

Basic principles

• diet;
  Meals should be fractional: from 4 to 6 times a day. Frequent food intake in small quantities excites the patient's appetite (and with anemia it is usually weakened), allows maximum absorption of nutrients, vitamins and trace elements, and also normalizes the digestive tract, which is important if the patient has concomitant diseases. Fractional nutrition allows the body to better perceive dishes and foods that are high in calories.

• treatment of the underlying disease;
  The main principle of treatment is the identification of disorders in the body that led to anemia, and their correction. As you know, iron deficiency anemia is not an independent disease, but only one of the symptoms of any pathology. Therefore, dieting will be ineffective without treating the underlying disease.

• food temperature;
  Food temperature should be standard, as in other diets (15-60 degrees Celsius). Too cold or hot food irritates the organs gastrointestinal tract, which negatively affects digestion and, in particular, the absorption of iron.

• culinary processing;
  Any culinary processing of products (stewing, steaming, boiling or baking) is allowed, except for frying. When frying, a large amount of fats is used, which is contraindicated in case of anemia, their oxidation products are formed, which negatively affect the human body as a whole, and especially the digestive tract.

• food preparation and serving;
  To stimulate appetite in a patient with iron deficiency anemia, it is important to beautifully set the table and prepare delicious and appetizing-looking dishes.

• alcohol;
  Alcohol intake in medical nutrition for iron deficiency anemia is excluded. Ethyl alcohol disrupts the absorption of iron and other trace elements and negatively affects liver function, where hemoglobin is destroyed and bilirubin is synthesized. And since during anemia the body also experiences a lack of hemoglobin, in the presence of an underlying disease, this can lead to jaundice.

• salt and liquid;
  The use of free fluid in anemia is within the physiological norm (2-2.5 liters). A decrease in the drinking rate leads to thickening of the blood, which exacerbates the hypoxic processes that occur with anemia. Table salt is consumed in a normal amount - 8-12g, and with reduced gastric secretion for the synthesis of hydrochloric acid, the consumption of sodium chloride increases to 15g.

Approved Products

First of all, the diet for iron deficiency anemia should contain an increased amount of proteins that increase the absorption of iron by the body and are necessary substances for building hemoglobin.

Up to 2/3 of the amount of protein consumed should be of animal origin.

It is important to introduce more often into the patient's menu products rich in trace elements involved in hematopoiesis (iron, cobalt, zinc, manganese). These trace elements are found in many cereals, meat products, vegetables and herbs.

Consumption of vitamins (group B, folic and nicotinic acid, vitamin C) should increase by 1.5-2 times. Ascorbic acid helps to absorb iron, and the other vitamins listed are involved in hematopoiesis. Vitamins are found in large quantities in vegetables, fruits and berries.

Calcium is necessary for the skeletal system, in addition, it regulates the functioning of the cardiovascular system and takes part in blood clotting. You can get calcium from dairy products, while it makes sense to take into account that the intake of dairy and protein products is incompatible, since calcium makes it difficult to absorb iron.

The list of products for iron deficiency anemia is quite extensive, almost everything is recommended to the patient, if there are no specific restrictions for taking individual dishes:

• any bread, but preferably bran (a source of B vitamins);
• rich broths and soups from them (contain extractive substances that stimulate appetite);
• lean meat, beef tongue, veal, beef, pork liver (mainly) and beef, kidneys - a source of iron;
• fresh vegetable salads seasoned with vegetable oil - sources of vitamins;
• jellied fish or tongue;
• canned fish, any fish;
• low-fat poultry;
• cereals, especially buckwheat, barley, oatmeal - a source of iron;
• red and black caviar, any seafood;
• any milk and lactic acid products, including cottage cheese and cheese;
• smoked meats (in the absence of contraindications);
• any greens in large quantities - a source of folic acid;
• sauces: milk, egg, sour cream, tomato;
• spices in an acceptable amount (they contain many trace elements, moreover, they excite the appetite);
• eggs in any form;
• honey - a source of trace elements, jam, sugar, any sweets;
• currants, gooseberries, raspberries, strawberries, wild strawberries (a lot of vitamin C);
• any fruit, especially apricots and peaches;
• butter and vegetable oils in meals moderately (easily digestible fats);
• juices, preferably with pulp, rosehip decoction, weak tea, decoction of wheat and oatmeal;
• any side dishes;
• legumes.

Prohibited Products

The list of prohibited foods in the diet for iron deficiency anemia is not so long.

Fats are limited, especially refractory ones that depress hematopoiesis, so you should refrain from eating fatty meat, poultry, fish oil, fat, and should not be included in the menu of lamb and beef fats.

Marinades should be excluded: they destroy red blood cells, stimulate the gallbladder and pancreas.

The need for a diet

A diet for anemia must be observed, as this eliminates lethargy, weakness, dyspepsia, changes in taste and loss of appetite. In addition, a diet enriched with iron and other trace elements, vitamins and proteins can improve the appearance, eliminate brittle nails, dry hair, and pale skin.

Consequences of not following the diet

The consequences of iron deficiency anemia include the progression of the disease. Very low hemoglobin can cause:

• myodystrophy;
• atrophy of the mucous membranes of the digestive tract, genitals and respiratory system.

In addition, low hemoglobin content affects the cardiovascular system and leads to the development of pathological conditions. We should not forget about the weakening of the immune system, which is fraught with the occurrence of various infectious diseases.