Russian aviation. "Engine of the second stage" for PAK FA begins to live New engine for t 50 test

General Director of the Komsomolsk-on-Amur Aviation Plant named after V.I. Gagarin Alexander Pekarsh said in an interview with TASS that the engine of the second stage for the fifth-generation multi-role fighter T-50 PAK FA (promising aviation complex of front-line aviation) is ready. And that it is currently being tested. Thus, the serial production of the aircraft, scheduled for the end of 2017, will be made with this engine. Fears that the first samples of the T-50 will begin to enter the Air Force with the previous, less efficient, modification of the engine did not materialize. The aircraft will go into the series with all the systems and units provided for in the design, created specifically for it.

The first prototype of the fighter, created in the Sukhoi Design Bureau, took to the air in 2010. To date, eight are already flying, and four more are being built in Komsomolsk-on-Amur as part of the first pilot batch. If everything grows together, and mass production, designed for 50 aircraft, is launched at the end of next year, then the Sukhoi Design Bureau will become the world record holder in terms of the pace of development of modern fighters. Only 7 years will pass from the first flight to the receipt of the aircraft in combat units.

This is very little. The fact is that the world's first fifth-generation fighter - the F-22 Raptor - Lockheed Martin led from the first flight to implementation in the US Air Force from 1990 to 2005. On the second, the F-35 Lightning II, the same company spent about the same amount of time. However, the aircraft turned out to be so crude that it is still in trial operation.

The fifth generation fighter must meet a number of criteria. And two of them are provided by the power plant, that is, the engine. The aircraft, firstly, must have super-maneuverability. Secondly, to have a cruising speed in non-afterburner mode that exceeds the speed of sound. Supermaneuverability has always been a strong point of domestic aviation. And the T-50 did not break this tradition. Actually, its "younger brother" - the Su-35 generation 4 ++ - in this characteristic is not only comparable, but also exceeds the capabilities of the F-22 and F-35. It is equipped with a bypass turbojet engine developed by NPO Saturn AL-41F1S with an all-angle variable thrust vector. It is simpler than the engine for the T-50 of the first stage AL-41F1. But in several computer simulations of close combat between the Su-35 and two "Americans" of the older generation, in 95% of cases it came out victorious precisely due to the highest maneuverability.

As for the supersonic speed without afterburner, the F-35 is very bad in this respect. In the technical specifications, the non-afterburning speed is transonic. And only the president of Lockheed Martin at press conferences assures caustic journalists that it is 1.2 M. The Su-35 has a maximum unafterburner speed of 1.1 M, the T-50 has 2.2 M, and the F-22 has 1 ,7 M. Such a low-speed "fifth generation standard", which is considered the F-35, is explained by the fact that in order to create a universal aircraft - both for the Air Force and for the Navy - the airframe "fat", it got excessive drag.

As mentioned above, our first 8 prototypes fly on the first stage AL-41F1 "type 117" engine. But even with it, the T-50 outperforms the F-35 in terms of speed. The engine is brand new, designed specifically for this aircraft. It is the first to use a fully electronic control system. Thanks to this, it was possible to increase the efficiency of fuel use, increase the resource, as well as traction. The only mechanical control element is a centrifugal regulator, which is activated in the event of a complete failure of the electronics in the event that a powerful electromagnetic pulse is used against the aircraft, for example, during the explosion of a nuclear charge. In this case, the regulator will allow you to bring the aircraft to the airfield at a reduced engine operating mode.

Also, for the first time in jet engine building, a plasma ignition system is used. This made it possible to implement an oxygen-free engine start at high altitudes, which significantly increased the survivability of the aircraft.

The engine of the second stage has not yet been given a name. While it is listed under the serial number "type 30". Its development at the Rybinsk NPO Saturn began in 2012, based on the results obtained on the AL-41F1. And now he is ready. Contrary to the claims of skeptics who claimed that this development would smoothly move into the 20s.

The Type 30 retained both the plasma ignition and the electronic control system. But at the same time, his power characteristics increased. According to various estimates, the new engine is more efficient than the AL-41F1 "type 117" by 20-25%. First of all, this refers to the thrust developed by the engine. The ratios here are:

- thrust in afterburner mode, kgf: 8800 (type 117) - 11000 (type 30);

- afterburner thrust, kgf: 15000 (type 117) - 18000 (type 30).

The increase in characteristics became possible, first of all, through the use of new engineering ideas. This made it possible to achieve approximate equality in the weight and size parameters of the two engines.

Almost all other systems of the fighter are already ready, tested and are waiting for the stage of state tests as part of the entire complex. However, there is a position on which work continues - this is missile weapons. It is largely also being created for the new fighter.

Since the fighter is multi-purpose, the armament for it is created in such a way that it solves the entire range of tasks assigned to front-line aviation. That is, the T-50 should be both a fighter, and an interceptor, and an attack aircraft, and a bomber. Therefore, the aircraft can use air-to-air missiles, air-to-surface missiles that work both on ground and surface targets, and adjustable bombs. The T-50's arsenal includes short, medium, long and extra-long range missiles.

Increased requirements are placed on the sensitivity of the homing head, on noise immunity and on the ability to withstand electronic countermeasures, on maneuvering, on stealth and on speed.

There is conflicting information about the number of new ammunition, distributed by the developers in a dosed manner. So, the general director of the Tactical Missiles Corporation Boris Obnosov said in August: “The T-50 will receive six fundamentally new missiles by 2017, and six more by 2020. Four samples of intra-fuselage missiles have already been created and are being tested.

It is assumed that the KS-172 will be used as a long-range air-to-air missile, which is being fine-tuned at the Novator design bureau, which is part of the Almaz-Antey corporation. Its range is 400 km, and the speed of hit targets can reach 4000 km/h. American fighters are equipped with missiles of the same class, but have half the range.

As for high-speed air-to-surface missiles that easily overcome enemy missile defense systems, it can be assumed that in the foreseeable future, the Brahmos-2 hypersonic missile will appear not only sea-based, but also air-based. Its speed will exceed 5 M.

Confirmation has come to the morning message about the engine for the T-50 (see: First flight of the 7th copy of the T-50. First launch of the bench model of the demonstrator engine "product 30"). Here you can find detailed information on the topic

Russia has moved one step further in creating a unique engineering product - a "stage two engine" for the latest T-50 fighter. To produce such a product is in some ways even more difficult than a spacecraft, and only a few countries in the world can do it. Largely thanks to the new engine, the Russian T-50 will compete with the American F-22.

The Lyulka Experimental Design Bureau hosted the first launch of the prototype “product 30”, the engine of the second stage for the PAK FA (T-50) fighter.

“In Soviet times, teachers of aviation universities half-jokingly promised students the Lenin Prize if they figured out how to increase the heat resistance of turbine blades by 100 degrees”

“The Lyulka Experimental Design Bureau (Moscow, a branch of PJSC UMPO) hosted the first launch of a bench model of the demonstrator engine “Product 30”, the engine of the second stage for the PAK FA fighter, as evidenced by the corresponding poster,” the blog says. bmpd, published under the auspices of the Center for Analysis of Strategies and Technologies (AST Center), in LiveJournal. Bloggers specify that the launch took place on November 11, and refer to information from the paralay.iboards.ru web resource.

Literally at the beginning of September, it became known that this engine (the so-called product 30) was ready in "metal". Now bench tests have begun. Just a month ago, plans were announced for the start of flight tests of a new engine, the most important and unique engineering structure. General Director of the United Engine Corporation (UEC) Alexander Artyukhov said that the engine of the second stage for PAK FA should begin testing as part of the complex only in the fourth quarter of 2017. The rest of the work on the PAK FA engine, according to him, will be deployed in the period from 2018 to 2020 with the passage of state tests in 2020.

transition stage

The only country that has a fifth-generation fighter (and the corresponding engines for it) in its arsenal is the United States. And Russia intends to become the second country to have an engine of such a high class. It was the absence of a new modern engine that was one of the arguments of those who refused to call the T-50 fighter a fifth-generation machine.

Now PAK FA (a promising front-line aviation complex) is being equipped with the so-called first-stage engine, which is an intermediate link. The engine of the first stage is also a significant achievement. However, it is just a modernized unit, in which a number of modern developments have been tested. The creation of such an intermediate link is the usual step-by-step work characteristic of any high-tech products.

“In the Soviet Union, many promising aircraft took off on engines from their predecessors, on transitional engines. This was necessary in order to start testing and work out units that do not depend on the engine. However, the fulfillment of all the requirements for a fifth-generation fighter is possible only when using the second stage engine, ”Oleg Panteleev, editor-in-chief of Aviaport, tells the VZGLYAD newspaper.

The creation of the engine of the second stage is highly appreciated by the expert.

“This means that the Russian aviation science and industry will make a qualitative transition. There were statements that the engine of the second stage in terms of its characteristics would not be inferior to those on the American F-22. I hope that this will take place,” says Oleg Panteleev.

The uniqueness of an engineering miracle

For obvious reasons, there is no detailed information about the design solutions used in the engine. However, the requirements for it are known.

Firstly, this is a certain level of power availability - the ability to make long flights at supersonic speeds without afterburner. Now fighters go at cruising speed (subsonic), and they switch to supersonic only with afterburner. The transition to supersonic without afterburner provides fundamentally new combat capabilities. According to various estimates, the engine of the second stage (type 30) is 20-25% more efficient than the AL-41F1 "type 117" engine.

Secondly, these are increased specific indicators, in particular, thrust per unit mass of the engine.

Thirdly, there is an increased requirement for low visibility of various ranges.

“Plus, high reliability, testability due to the built-in powerful diagnostic system. Finally, some simplification of the design, that is, a smaller number of nodes and smaller dimensions in terms of thrust, ”adds Panteleev.

It's all about the blades

Historically, only two powers, the USSR and the USA, have succeeded in creating high-thrust engines for fighters. In this race, one or the other side won. At the same time, no one has been able to catch up with Russia and the United States so far, although, of course, many countries have tried and spent huge efforts on this. For example, the Chinese wanted to make a similar engine for their counterpart of the Su-30 fighter.

“Chinese developments were largely focused on the level of technology available to them, which they could learn on aircraft supplied to China. In other words, what they saw, they were able to reproduce. Moreover, judging by some remarks, the issue of ensuring the reliability and high service life of engines has not been fully resolved by the Chinese side,” Oleg Panteleev assures.

“It is impossible to get the same parameters by simply copying the external dimensions and appearance. If earlier it was enough to carefully measure and make the product according to the same drawings, today both materials and technologies for manufacturing parts from these materials make it possible to change the characteristics of the assembly by tens of percent, and sometimes many times over. Plus the application of various kinds of coatings. All this is a big secret and the subject of serious scientific research by Russian and American manufacturers, ”adds the interlocutor of the VZGLYAD newspaper.

For example, one of the unique developments of Russian engineers for the engine of the second stage is composite metal-ceramic turbine blades. They are made of especially heat-resistant alloys and have an extremely complex design. Of course, it is impossible to recreate such an element simply by seeing and copying the engine. The secret is not only in the composition of unique alloys, which is easy to recognize - but also in casting technology. In Soviet times, instructors at aviation universities half-jokingly promised students the Lenin Prize if they figured out how to increase the heat resistance of turbine blades by 100 degrees. The efficiency of the engine directly depends on this parameter.

It is known that from the unique developments, in addition to the engine blades, the so-called. "plasma afterburner" (ignition system), which provides high reliability of ignition of the flame in the afterburner at high altitudes. In other words, this allows an oxygen-free engine start at high altitudes, which increases the survival of the fighter.

Also, the motor will have good gas-dynamic stability characteristics. “This will allow the aircraft to perform all maneuvers without exception, including aerobatics,” explains Panteleev.

The engine of the second stage will also receive a high throttle response, which will allow, making prompt decisions on the implementation of a particular maneuver, to increase thrust to the required values. Finally, a fully digital control system will be used for it, while having the highest degree of reliability and reliability.

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Russia has moved one step further in the creation of a unique engineering product - a “second stage engine” for the latest T-50 fighter. To produce such a product is in some ways even more difficult than a spacecraft, and only a few countries in the world can do it. Largely thanks to the new engine, the Russian T-50 will be able to compete with the American F-22.

The Lyulka Experimental Design Bureau hosted the first launch of the prototype “product 30”, the engine of the second stage for the PAK FA (T-50) fighter.

“The Lyulka Experimental Design Bureau (Moscow, a branch of PJSC UMPO) hosted the first launch of a bench model of the demonstrator engine “Product 30”, the engine of the second stage for the PAK FA fighter, as evidenced by the corresponding poster,” the blog says. bmpd, published under the auspices of the Center for Analysis of Strategies and Technologies (AST Center) on LiveJournal. Bloggers specify that the launch took place on November 11, and refer to information from the paralay.iboards.ru web resource.

Literally at the beginning of September, it became known that this engine (the so-called product 30) was ready “in metal”. Now bench tests have begun. Just a month ago, plans were announced for the start of flight tests of a new engine, the most important and unique engineering structure. General Director of the United Engine Corporation (UEC) Alexander Artyukhov said that the engine of the second stage for PAK FA should begin testing as part of the complex only in the fourth quarter of 2017. The rest of the work on the PAK FA engine, according to him, will be deployed in the period from 2018 to 2020 with the passage of state tests in 2020.

transition stage

The creation of the engine of the second stage is highly appreciated by the expert.

The uniqueness of an engineering miracle

For obvious reasons, there is no detailed information about the design solutions used in the engine. However, the requirements for it are known.

Firstly, this is a certain level of power availability - the ability to make long flights at supersonic speeds without afterburner. Now fighters go at cruising speed (subsonic), and they switch to supersonic only with afterburner. The transition to supersonic without afterburner provides fundamentally new combat capabilities. According to various estimates, the engine of the second stage (type 30) is 20–25% more efficient than the AL-41F1 engine (type 117).

Secondly, these are increased specific indicators, in particular, thrust per unit mass of the engine.

Thirdly, there is an increased requirement for low visibility of various ranges.

It's all about the blades

Historically, only two powers, the USSR and the USA, have succeeded in creating high-thrust engines for fighters. In this race, one or the other side won. At the same time, no one has yet been able to catch up with Russia and the United States, although, of course, many countries have tried and spent enormous efforts on this. For example, the Chinese wanted to make a similar engine for their counterpart of the Su-30 fighter.

“Chinese developments were largely focused on the level of technology available to them, which they could learn on aircraft supplied to China. In other words, what they saw, they were able to reproduce. Moreover, judging by some comments, the issue of ensuring the reliability and high service life of engines has not been fully resolved by the Chinese side, ”says Oleg Panteleev.

For example, one of the unique developments of Russian engineers for the engine of the second stage is composite metal-ceramic turbine blades. They are made of especially heat-resistant alloys and have an extremely complex design. Of course, it is impossible to recreate such an element simply by seeing and copying the engine. The secret is not only in the composition of unique alloys, which is easy to recognize, but also in casting technology. In Soviet times, instructors at aviation universities half-jokingly promised students the Lenin Prize if they figured out how to increase the heat resistance of turbine blades by 100 degrees. The efficiency of the engine directly depends on this parameter.

It is known that from the unique developments, in addition to the engine blades, the so-called. plasma afterburner (ignition system), which provides high reliability of ignition of the flame in the afterburner at high altitudes. In other words, this allows an oxygen-free engine start at high altitudes, which increases the survival of the fighter.

Also, the motor will have good gas-dynamic stability characteristics. “This will allow the aircraft to perform all maneuvers without exception, including aerobatics,” explains Panteleev.

Elements of defense: notes on Russian weapons Konovalov Ivan Pavlovich

Engine for PAK FA

After long discussions and struggle for the right to be the lead developer of the engine for the PAK FA, by the decision of the country's leadership, this engine is being created within the framework of the United Engine Corporation (UEC) with the distribution of areas of responsibility. Salyut, which is not part of the corporation, is a co-executor of the UEC.

The two main competitors were developing their parallel engine prototypes for the fifth generation fighter - Yeniseysk-A was led by Saturn, Yeniseysk-B was led by Salyut. The final winner has not been officially announced.

In the meantime, prototypes of the T-50 are being tested on the AL-41F1 - “product 117” jointly developed by NPO Saturn, UMPO and Sukhoi Design Bureau. It is based on the same AL-31F. Some elements are borrowed from the developments on the creation of the “117S product” (AL-41F1S) for the Su-35 4++ generation fighter. The thrust of the engine "117" of the first stage for PAK FA reaches 15 tons, it has a turbine with an increased diameter, all-angle thrust vector control, and a digital automatic control system. A full-fledged fifth-generation engine will have higher thrust and lower specific gravity. The exact parameters, as well as the development process itself, are kept secret. In any case, according to official statements, Salyut and Saturn are working on the project in close contact.

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Tests of the Izdeliye 30 engine for the Russian fifth-generation T-50 fighter are already undergoing ground tests, flightglobal.com reports on February 20, citing a statement by UAC head Yuri Slyusar. Flight tests will begin in 2017.

Second stage engine, also known as "Type 30" (previously erroneously called "Product 129")

Presumably, the engine will be able to develop a thrust of 107 kilonewtons in cruising mode and 176 kilonewtons in afterburner mode. The power plant will differ from the AL-41F1 in increased fuel efficiency and lower life cycle costs.

The design of the product was created in cooperation with the design services of the enterprises of the division "Engines for combat aviation", headed by the branch of OJSC "UMPO" "OKB im. A. Lyulka.

General Designer-Director of the branch "OKB im. A. Lyulki" Evgeny Marchukov

The head of the KLA specified that the T-50 will be tested in two stages - the first with the use of the Izdeliye 117 turbofan engine ─ AL-41F1, the second with the Izdeliye 30.

The engine of the first stage for the T-50 is the "Product 117" ─ AL-41F1, which is a modified version of the AL-41F1S power plant for the Su-35S ("Product 117S"

Engine "Product 117"(AL-41F1) developed by Saturn is a "very deep modernization" of the AL-31F turbofan engine and its characteristics are sufficient for the "current stage of testing the T-50". He added that the corporation has six aircraft for testing (four flight and two for ground tests). Three additional aircraft will be built this year. “Everything is going according to plan,” Slyusar assures.